Minggu, 29 Juni 2014

Pemeriksaan IgG dan IgM pada Demam Berdarah Dengue


Pemeriksaan antibodi IgG dan IgM yang spesifik berguna dalam diagnosis
infeksi virus dengue. Kedua antibodi ini muncul 5-7 hari setelah infeksi.
Hasil negatif bisa saja muncul mungkin karena pemeriksaan dilakukan pada
awal terjadinya infeksi. IgM akan tidak terdeteksi 30-90 hari setelah infeksi,
sedangkan IgG dapat tetap terdeteksi seumur hidup. IgM yang positif
memiliki nilai diagnostik bila disertai dengan gejala yang mendukung
terjadinya demam berdarah. Pemeriksaan IgG dan IgM ini juga bisa
digunakan untuk membedakan infeksi dengue primer atau sekunder.
Dengue primer
Dengue primer terjadi pada pasien tanpa riwayat terkena infeksi dengue
sebelumnya. Pada pasien ini dapat dideteksi IgM muncul secara lambat
dengan titer yang rendah.
Dengue Sekunder
Dengue sekunder terjadi pada pasien dengan riwayat paparan virus dengue
sebelumnya. Kekebalan terhadap virus dengue yang sama atau homolog
muncul seumur hidup. Setelah beberapa waktu bisa terjadi infeksi dengan
virus dengue yang berbeda. Pada awalnya akan muncul antibodi IgG, sering
pada masa demam, yang merupakan respon memori dari sel imun. Selain
itu juga muncul respon antibodi IgM terhadap infeksi virus dengue yang
baru.


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